近日，國(guo)家(jia)海(hai)洋設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)質(zhi)量檢驗(yan)(yan)中(zhong)心水下設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室首(shou)次(ci)(ci)完(wan)(wan)成X80陸(lu)地天然氣輸(shu)送管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)的全(quan)尺(chi)寸彎(wan)曲(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)。本次(ci)(ci)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)外徑尺(chi)寸達到了40英(ying)寸，試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)開(kai)展難度極大。海(hai)檢中(zhong)心的檢測工程師利(li)用(yong)水下設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室自主設(she)計研(yan)(yan)發(fa)的四點(dian)彎(wan)曲(qu)疲(pi)勞試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)機(ji)，通過規范研(yan)(yan)究、方(fang)案分(fen)析設(she)計、數(shu)據模擬、現場測試(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)環節順利(li)完(wan)(wan)成試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，充分(fen)驗(yan)(yan)證了油氣管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)的彎(wan)曲(qu)性(xing)能、斷裂(lie)韌性(xing)、裂(lie)紋擴展等(deng)各(ge)項性(xing)能指標，填補了國(guo)內油氣管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)全(quan)尺(chi)寸性(xing)能試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的技(ji)術空白(bai)。
目(mu)前(qian)(qian)，管(guan)道運(yun)輸(shu)是石(shi)油(you)(you)天然(ran)氣(qi)最經濟、合理的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)輸(shu)方式(shi)，采用(yong)大(da)口(kou)徑、高(gao)鋼級、高(gao)壓(ya)力長(chang)輸(shu)管(guan)道已成為(wei)(wei)世界天然(ran)氣(qi)管(guan)輸(shu)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)流趨勢，由此帶來的(de)(de)(de)天然(ran)氣(qi)管(guan)輸(shu)安(an)全(quan)問題也受到越來越多的(de)(de)(de)關注。之前(qian)(qian)一般(ban)使用(yong)小(xiao)尺寸(cun)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)方法，在試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)分析過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)忽略(lve)了(le)尺寸(cun)大(da)小(xiao)對試(shi)(shi)件性能(neng)(neng)(neng)驗(yan)(yan)證的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響，且(qie)試(shi)(shi)樣加(jia)(jia)(jia)工過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)釋放了(le)焊接(jie)殘余應(ying)力與應(ying)力集中(zhong)(zhong)，往(wang)往(wang)導致試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)結果偏高(gao)，實(shi)際應(ying)用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)還需要對結果進(jin)(jin)(jin)行調整和修正。通過(guo)彎曲+內(nei)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)尺寸(cun)加(jia)(jia)(jia)載形式(shi)，模擬油(you)(you)氣(qi)管(guan)道服(fu)役受載工況，是目(mu)前(qian)(qian)獲取管(guan)道性能(neng)(neng)(neng)數據(ju)的(de)(de)(de)最先進(jin)(jin)(jin)、最合理的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)型技(ji)(ji)術(shu)手段。但管(guan)道的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)尺寸(cun)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)難(nan)度大(da)，對設備的(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)要求(qiu)高(gao)，長(chang)期以來，我(wo)(wo)國油(you)(you)氣(qi)管(guan)道全(quan)尺寸(cun)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)只能(neng)(neng)(neng)委托給國外實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行，試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)周期長(chang)、費(fei)用(yong)高(gao)昂，并且(qie)無法獲取試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)關鍵數據(ju)。近年隨著(zhu)電液(ye)伺服(fu)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)不斷(duan)發展，我(wo)(wo)國在管(guan)道試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)機及測(ce)試(shi)(shi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)方面迅(xun)速發展，海(hai)檢中(zhong)(zhong)心建立(li)起了(le)針對海(hai)洋管(guan)道和陸地油(you)(you)氣(qi)管(guan)道的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)尺寸(cun)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力，覆蓋從動態(tai)疲(pi)勞到靜態(tai)，可實(shi)現載荷+內(nei)壓(ya)復合加(jia)(jia)(jia)載。本(ben)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)成功進(jin)(jin)(jin)行，也為(wei)(wei)提升(sheng)我(wo)(wo)國油(you)(you)氣(qi)管(guan)道技(ji)(ji)術(shu)研(yan)究水平(ping)奠定了(le)堅實(shi)基礎。
